![]() At least as early as 1844, photographic series of subjects posed in different positions have been created to either suggest a motion sequence or to document a range of different viewing angles. ![]() Photography was introduced in 1839, but initially photographic emulsions needed such long exposures that the recording of moving subjects seemed impossible. Jules Duboscq marketed phénakisticope projection systems in France from c. The stroboscopic animation principle was introduced in 1833 with the stroboscopic disc (better known as the phénakisticope) and later applied in the zoetrope (since 1866), the flip book (since 1868), and the praxinoscope (since 1877), before it became the basic principle for cinematography.Įxperiments with early phénakisticope-based animation projectors were made at least as early as 1843 and publicly screened in 1847. In early years, the word "sheet" was sometimes used instead of "screen".Īnimated GIF of Prof. Ĭommon terms for the field in general include "the big screen", "the silver screen", "the movies", and "cinema" the last of these is commonly used, as an overarching term, in scholarly texts and critical essays. It originates in the verb flicker, owing to the flickering appearance of early films. "Flick" is in general a slang term, first recorded in 1926. Archaic terms include "animated pictures" and "animated photography". The most common term in the United States is "movie", while in Europe "film" is preferred. Many other terms exist for an individual motion-picture, including "picture", "picture show", "moving picture", "photoplay", and "flick". The name "film" originally referred to the thin layer of photochemical emulsion on the celluloid strip that used to be the actual medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. An analogous optical soundtrack (a graphic recording of the spoken words, music and other sounds) runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it, and was not projected.Ĭontemporary films are usually fully digital through the entire process of production, distribution, and exhibition. The apparent motion on the screen is the result of the fact that the visual sense cannot discern the individual images at high speeds, so the impressions of the images blend with the dark intervals and are thus linked together to produce the illusion of one moving image. A rotating shutter causes stroboscopic intervals of darkness, but the viewer does not notice the interruptions due to flicker fusion. The images are transmitted through a movie projector at the same rate as they were recorded, with a Geneva drive ensuring that each frame remains still during its short projection time. The moving images of a film are created by photographing actual scenes with a motion-picture camera, by photographing drawings or miniature models using traditional animation techniques, by means of CGI and computer animation, or by a combination of some or all of these techniques, and other visual effects.īefore the introduction of digital production, series of still images were recorded on a strip of chemically sensitized celluloid ( photographic film stock), usually at the rate of 24 frames per second. The word " cinema", short for cinematography, is often used to refer to filmmaking and the film industry, and to the art form that is the result of it. These images are generally accompanied by sound and, more rarely, other sensory stimulations. A film – also called a movie, motion picture, moving picture, picture, photoplay or (slang) flick – is a work of visual art that simulates experiences and otherwise communicates ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty, or atmosphere through the use of moving images.
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